Chapter 12 all sections

SECTION 1-

1. What is a basic difference between the Andes and the other highland regions of South America?
   Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

2. What are South America's three largest rivers, and what areas do they drain?
   The Amazon, Orinoco, and Paraná. They drain the eastern part of the continent.

3. Look at the chapter map. To what physical conditions would you have to adjust if you moved from Rio de Janeiro to La Paz?
   The elevation (which is about 4,000 meters). 

4. See the feature on the next page. How might El Niño and La Niña affect societies of the dry Pacific coast over time?
   It would change the temperature and wind currents. Which will affect the societies shelters and food.

5. Create a chart like the one below. Use it to identify the climates, vegetation, and animal life of the three landform regions listed.
   Amazon River basin - Tropical humid, Rain forests, Anacondas, bats, jaguars, monkeys, etc.

   Plain Areas- Tropical wet and dry, dry forest or savannas, few animals.

   Andes- Highland, Rain forest, llamas, Andean condor.

SECTION 2-

1. What happened to the indigenous population following the arrival of Europeans in South America?
   It went down during the colonial period.

2. Where are the densely populated areas of South America? Which areas are thinly populated?
   The coasts and reach only a few hundred miles inland. The Southern American interior. 

3. How do you think the exchange of food products between the Old and New Worlds changed life in both places?
   It changed life between both places because bringing stuff from each world can cause a big difference in the environment. Such as once they get it, they start to use it.

4. What do the llaneros and rainforest peoples have in common?
   They each had to do with the old American western days.

5. Create a timeline like the one below. Use it to identify important periods and events in the history of South America.
   1494 - A treaty had divided South America between Spain and Portugal.
   1810-1830 - Spanish colonies of South America gained their independence.
   1966 - British Guiana became Guyana.
   1975 - Dutch Guiana became Suriname.
   Today - Countries of South America vary widely in their ethnic makeup.

SECTION 3-

1. What are some agricultural specialties of Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina?
   Brazil - Coffee
   Colombia - Coffee and flowers
   Chile - Fresh fruits and vegetables
   Argentina - Wheat and beef

2. How does Mercosur try to improve trade in South America?
   Expand trade, improve transportation, and reduce tariffs among member countries.

3. What push and pull factors are causing South American cities to grow? What is the result?
   Rural poverty and limited good land push people away. Better jobs and more exciting life pulls them in. Few find good jobs.

4. What challenges do many of South America's largest cities share?
   Violence, people are poor, high birthrates make development harder.

5. Create a graphic organizer like the one below. Use it to describe the main environmental and political issues facing South America. Also, describe the basic challenges facing the region as a whole.
   Environmental: - People are poor 
                         - Tensions are created
                         - Much of Amazon forest might disappear.
                         - Soil exhaustion 
   Political :         - Border disputes
                         - Violence
                         - Terrorism